Osaka
University International Symposium Program, December 2014
Theme: Legacies of World War II Part 2
Date: 19 -21
December 2014
Venue: Academic
Exchange Room (3rd floor, Building E), Minoh
Campus, Osaka University (Osaka Japan)
http://www.osaka-u.ac.jp/en/access/index.html#minoh
(Access map)
http://www.osaka-u.ac.jp/en/access/minoh
(Campus map) #3(3rd Floor)
+We assume that
all the participants will have read the conference papers before the symposium.
Your presentation should be as brief as possible and leave a plenty of time for
discussion. (15 minutes for presentation, 45 minutes for discussion)
DAY1: 19
December 2014 (Friday) Symposium Day1
10:55: Please
come to the lobby of Kasugaoka House
11:00 pick
up at Kasugaoka House to Osaka University (Minoh Campus)
Pastry,
Onigiri, snack, coffee, tea, water, etc. are
available at the venue.
12:20-12:30:
Opening Remarks
12:30-14:00
(Keynote Speech)
Guest
of Honor: Professor
Purnendra Jain (The University of Adelaide)
Title:
“Japan’s
Network Diplomacy: Expanding Japan-India Ties”
Chair:
Professor
Toshitaka Takeuchi
Discussant:
Professor
Toshitaka Takeuchi & Professor Bart Gaens
14:20-16:25
(Sessions 1 & 2) :
Presenter:
Professor
Jelena Gledic (University of Belgrade )
Title:
“We the Confucians:
Perceptions of East Asian Identities Today”
Chair:
Professor Eiko Maruko Siniawer
Discussant:
Professor Eiko Maruko Siniawer
Presenter:
Professor
Bart Gaens (The Finnish Institute of International
Affairs)
Title:
“Japan as a Geo-Economic Power in Asia”
Chair:
Professor Michael J. Allen
Discussant:
Professor Michael J. Allen
16:40-17:40
(Session for Graduate Students #1) :
Presenter:
Keiji Fujimura (Osaka University)
Title:
From Ford to Toyota: Americanization of Japan’s Automobile Manufacturing
Chair:
Professor
Purnendra Jain
Discussant:
Professor
Purnendra Jain
18:00 – 19:00 Supper: Minoh Campus, Osaka University
DAY2: 20
December 2014 (Saturday) Symposium Day2
09:15: Please
come to the lobby of Kasugaoka House
09:20: pick up
at Kasugaoka House
10:00
– 12:05 (Sessions 3 & 4)
Presenter:
Professor Michael J. Allen (Northwestern University)
Title:
"The
Imperial Presidency and the Cold War Consensus, 1941-1992”
Chair:
Professor Shuichi Takebayashi
Discussant:
Professor
Toshitaka Takeuchi
Presenter:
Professor Eiko Maruko Siniawer (Williams College)
Title:
“’Stinginess is a virtue, wasting money is fun’: Waste and Wastefulness in
a remodernizing Japan”
Chair:
Professor
Chelsea Szendi Schieder
(Meiji University)
Discussant:
Professor Scott
North (Osaka University)
12:05
– 12:45: Lunch (Bento Box)
12:45
– 14:50 (Sessions 5 & 6)
Presenter:
Professor Shuichi Takebayashi
Title:
Going Into Rhapsodies Over Asia: The Sixties Counterculture and Their Challenge
to American Bourgeoisie
Chair:
Professor
Chelsea Szendi Schieder
Discussant:
Professor Michael J. Allen
Presenter:
Professor Chelsea
Szendi Schieder
Title: Good
Citizens and Angry Daughters: The Moral Authority of Female Students in Postwar
Japan
Chair:
Scott
North (Osaka University)
Discussant:
Scott
North (Osaka University)
15:05
– 17:05 (Sessions 7 and for Graduate Students #1)
Presenter:
Yoneyuki Sugita
Title:
“Re-interpretation of the Yoshida Doctrine”
Chair:
Professor
Jelena Gledic
Discussants:
Professor
Purnendra Jain
Presenter:
Simona Lukminaite (Osaka University)
Title:
Women Education in Meiji Japan (provisional)
Chair:
Professor
Purnendra Jain
Discussants:
Professor
Chelsea Szendi Schieder
General Meeting
18:00: Pick up
at the Gate to Ganko Sushi
18:30 – 20:30:
Reception at Ganko Sushi Toyonaka
20:30: Shuttle
bus back to Kasugaoka House
DAY3: 21
December 2014 (Saturday) Symposium Day3
10:00
– 12:00 General Meeting
Participants
Professor
Purnendra Jain (The University of Adelaide)
http://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/purnendra.jain
“Japan’s Network
Diplomacy: Expanding Japan-India Ties”
This paper looks
at Japan’s foreign affairs from a fresh lens of diplomatic networks, an
emerging conceptual framework in international relations, but not applied in
the case of Japan. While using some of the existing materials on networks
diplomacy, this paper outlines Japan’s distinct diplomatic networks. It argues
that network diplomacy is a most suitable explanatory tool to understand
Japan’s foreign relations which have been constrained and restrained due to
Japan’s constitution, especially Article 9, its alliance with the United States
and its historical baggage and troubled relations with neighbouring
countries. Using the networks frameworks, the paper specifically examines the
case of Japan-India relations which have come a long way in the last decade.
India has emerged as Japan’s single largest recipient of Japanese foreign aid
in particular years; the two have declared themselves as global and strategic
partners; they signed a Joint Declaration on Security Cooperation in 2008; and
they now even conduct a two-plus-two dialogue which brings together top military
and defence officials in the only such arrangement
India has with any country. There is a Japan–India Maritime Exercise (JIMEX) in
place. They have signed a comprehensive partnership agreement recently. Many
ministerial-level dialogues are held in a range of areas from commerce and
industry to maritime security and energy matters. The two nations’ prime
ministers meet annually to conduct summit diplomacy. And the list is growing.
What are the new drivers of this new network with India and what prospects
exist for further growth in their bilateral networks and what challenges do
they face in a new regional security and strategic environment?
(conference paper available)
Professor
Bart Gaens (The Finnish Institute of International
Affairs)
http://www.fiia.fi/en/expert/137/bart_gaens/
“Japan
as a Geo-Economic Power in Asia”
Abstract:
Postwar Japan
was able to focus its development on trade and economy, while keeping a low-key
political and diplomatic profile. This has allowed the country to turn into a
quintessential geo-economic power or trading state. In more recent years
different narratives have emerged, alluding to Japan becoming a “civilian
power” with normative ambitions and a “normal country”, i.e. more autonomous
from the US. This paper, however, argues that Japan is still very much using
economic instruments in order to achieve its strategic objectives and hence
enhance its geo-economic power. In order to back up this argument, this paper
looks at Official Development Assistance (ODA), the separation of politics and
economy, and alliance-building strategies.
(conference paper available)
Professor
Jelena Gledic (University of Belgrade )
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LkkKzTySnN4
“We the Confucians:
Perceptions of East Asian Identities Today”
Abstract:
The
widespread Confucian revival in East Asia coincided with thorough examinations
of nationhood, ethnicity, and cultural identity in theory, research, and
policies on a global level. Reassessing the legacies of the modern state,
scholars across the globe and across disciplines questioned the viability of
concepts and terms created in a world with more rigid social stratification and
much less mobility than the reality of the 20th and 21st century. While some
argued the need to reject all existing ideas of monolithic social structures
(nation, ethnos, culture etc.), that might be defined and subjected to
scientific inquiry, others introduced new definitions and theories of pluri- and multiple identities. Neither side provided a
stance on identity that keeps the analytical purchase of the term, while at the
same time acknowledging and embracing the reality of its fluid and dynamic
nature. Consequently, traditional views continued to be used in various areas
of science, regardless of their many acknowledged pitfalls. This is even true
for views that were officially proclaimed invalid, such as race – which
conveniently continued to be used as a significant, identifiable difference,
often under the term culture.
Following an era of imperialism, the shared set of Confucian ideas and
values in East Asia – a sort of common worldview – allowed for the perceptions
of this area as a relatively homogenous whole, and although the differences
between peoples were not entirely ignored, a prevalence of racial
classification was notable.
In
light of the re-evaluation of the understanding and perception of ethnic and
cultural identities in an increasingly globalized and interconnected world, we
examine whether the perception of East Asians as a single identity has changed
with the times, and also whether the concept of Confucian ethnic or cultural
belonging exists in scientific literature today. We look at referential,
contemporary scientific literature to analyze methodological approaches,
specifically whether research designs have begun to take into account the vast
cultural diversity of East Asia, current trends of multiculturalism and
globalization, and massive migrations. We look at how culture is treated in
view of the nature versus nurture debate, especially looking at whether it is
used as a simple replacement for the somewhat politically incorrect idea of
racial classification. The criteria for sampling participants in research, as
well as the definition of the researched population is analyzed, as we aim to
delineate what the terms East Asian and Confucian stand for today in relation
to a person’s identity.
Through
this study, we offer a relational approach to ethnic and cultural identities.
Both in science and in everyday life, we are today often faced with a paradox –
the traditional, seemingly commonsensical approach to various aspects of
identity gives insufficient predictability in a cross-cultural world, while at
the same time attempts to take into account the complexity of today's societies
give birth to a plethora of variables, to date insurmountable for the
scientific method. We try to contribute to research on the frontiers of both the
theory and practice of various fields of knowledge currently re-examining core
analytical categories.
(conference paper available)
Professor Michael J. Allen (Northwestern University)
http://www.history.northwestern.edu/people/allen.html
"The
Imperial Presidency and the Cold War Consensus, 1941-1992”
Abstract
The “imperial presidency” was among the Second World War’s chief legacies.
Though traditionally associated with presidential dominance in U.S. domestic
politics, presidential aggrandizement flowed directly from the rise of U.S. empire, and was not limited to the U.S. domestic sphere but
extended to grandiose claims to leadership of the entire “free world.” Indeed,
the imperial presidency sat at the center of the Cold War consensus, a nested
phenomenon that included a fragile political consensus in the United States and
extended beyond that to include similarly fragile coalitions within allied
states and finally to include a fragile consensus among states in the Cold War
system, all of which came under assault from domestic critics and transnational
networks of such critics after 1968. My paper presents the confluence of U.S.
domestic critics of the imperial presidency in the late 1960s and ‘70s with
critics of U.S. foreign policy and U.S. hegemony originating within allied
states in those same years as the beginning of the end of the Cold War
consensus, focusing in particular on the global nuclear freeze movement as a
pivotal means of popular resistance to presidential leadership.
(conference paper available)
Professor Eiko Maruko Siniawer (Williams College)
http://history.williams.edu/profile/emaruko/
“’Stinginess is a virtue, wasting money is fun’: Waste
and Wastefulness in a remodernizing Japan”
Abstract
In
the 1950s and early 1960s, ideas about waste and wastefulness reflected the
cultural and social transitions of a time when the economic deprivation of the
wartime and immediate postwar years gave way to relative plenty, mass
consumption started to become a reality, and the economy shifted from postwar
recovery to high economic growth. On the one hand, there endured older ways of
thinking that dated back to the late 1800s and early 1900s about the rational
consumer, the frugal housewife, and sanitary waste management. Housewives’
associations and governments cooperated to discourage excessive consumption and
to manage the smelly garbage that littered the streets of Tokyo. As part of a
beautification campaign, human waste and trash were to be removed from sight so
as to present Japan as a rehabilitated and civilized host of the 1964 Olympics.
On the other hand, there was also a proliferation of newer ideas about the necessity
of consumption for economic growth, the acceptability of increased consumer
spending, and the desirability of disposable goods—all of which were promoted
as a way to achieve a middle class life. Marketers, advertisers, and
manufacturers thought about how to make goods obsolete so as to encourage
repetitive consumption, and articles in women’s magazines loosened the
definition of what constituted wasteful spending.
In
this transitional moment, the allure and promises of affluence and mass
consumption were powerful in large part because legacies of the war and defeat
made attractive the model of wealthy American lifestyles and the marketing
strategies used to achieve them. As such, discourses about waste and
wastefulness served as friction to what seemed like an inevitable move forward
and as a site of reflection about what might be lost with material abundance,
but they did not yet constitute impassioned social criticism of fundamental
aspects of an affluent, mass consumption society. Physical waste was something
to be tamed for the sake of hygiene, health, and the appearance of
civilization, not addressed and treated as treated as a symptom of a wasteful
society. For advocates of household thrift and frugality, the greater
temptation and opportunity to waste were something to be managed, but were not
socially or culturally retrograde. And the alleged promotion of waste by
marketers and advertisers was something to be aware of, not a wastefulness
inherent in consumer capitalism.
In
sum, this paper examines discourses about waste and wastefulness in the 1950s
and early 1960s to explore how various people defined values and found meaning
in an increasingly consumerist and affluent Japan.
(conference paper available)
Professor
Chelsea Szendi Schieder
(Meiji University)
Title: Good Citizens and
Angry Daughters: The Moral Authority of Female Students in Postwar Japan
Abstract:
Young women became new political actors in the
postwar period in Japan, their enfranchisement commonly represented as a break
from and a bulwark against "male" wartime violence. The participation
of females in the student movement after its break from the Old Left of the
Japan Communist Party in 1957 served to legitimize the anger of the New Left by
appealing to the hegemonic ideal of young women's political purity. This paper
introduces the postwar context in which female students represented, in both
works of fiction and reportage, new ideals for citizen participation and
agency. The 1960 death of female student activist Kanba
Michiko at the frontline of a climactic protest against renewal of the US-Japan
Security Treaty (Anpo) won an extraordinary amount of
public sympathy for the student movement as a whole in the early 1960s. Kanba Michiko stepped into a narrative, forged in the mass
media, of young women as victims of violence. This paper traces the formation
of such a narrative, the consequences of which influenced the possibilities and
limits for female political engagement and leftist critique.
Yoneyuki
Sugita
“A
Reinterpretation of the ‘Yoshida Doctrine’”
Abstract:
The Yoshida
Doctrine was not a product of Prime Minister Shigeru Yoshida’s creative
initiative, but a by-product of a U.S.-Japan joint effort and a compromise in
shaping Japan’s future. This doctrine has been the cornerstone for Japan’s
foreign and security policies since after World War II. We have a seemingly
common understanding that Prime Minister Yoshida conducted shrewd negotiations
with the United States to implement an important policy that involved spending
as much resources as possible on economic recovery and as little as possible on
rearmament. The Yoshida Doctrine resulted from Japan’s indigenous and
independent efforts. However, one may wonder how could it be possible for
Japan, a vanquished, weak country, to implement such an important independent
policy if it was against the desire of the United States, a hegemonic power at
this time? The United States approved of, or at least acquiesced in, the
Yoshida Doctrine. This presentation explains the role of the United States in
establishing the Yoshida Doctrine.
(conference paper available)
Keiji Fujimura (Graduate Student, Osaka
University)
https://osaka-u.academia.edu/KeijiFujimura
Title:
From Ford to Toyota: Americanization of Japan’s Automobile Manufacturing
Abstract:
The purpose of
this paper is to examine the meaning of Americanization of Japanese automobile
industry before and during World War II. As a subject of study, the author will
focus on Ford Motor Company (FMC), a company well known for realizing its first
‘mass production’ system and Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC), a company that
started and survived the controlled-economy during the World War II and later
became one of the largest multinational automobile manufacturers. In this
paper, the author argues that Americanization process of TMC manufacturing was
never a dominant group’s act of dominating, or pushing American way, but was
rather a subordinating group’s act of adapting, or pulling in, its essence
within the limit of its available resources. Finally, the author concludes that
the World War II gave a chance for TMC to exercise exploitation of FMC’s
know-how for TMC’s business advantage.
(conference paper available)
Simona
Lukminaite (Graduate Student, Osaka University)
https://www.facebook.com/simona.lukminaite
Title: Women Education in Meiji Japan
Abstract:
Meiji
period was a time of social turmoil; yet, it was also the time when the basis
of the Japanese system of public education was being formed. As the connection
between the changes in trends regarding female education – a subject of great
controversy at the time – and the general social/political/economical situation
must have closely intertwined, to elucidate the factors that influenced/impeded
the development of female education in Meiji, it is important to provide more
information regarding the response to such changes by the educators and
ideologists themselves. For this purpose I have chosen to analyze the writings
of Iwamoto Yoshiharu, who is listed as one of the most influential Meiji
opinion leaders. He published Meiji’s most famous magazine aimed at educating
the women (Jogaku Zasshi) while
also playing the central role in the running of the first school for women
established by the Japanese Christians community (Meiji Jogakkō) and providing the crucial
support for many of the social activists and educators of the period.
I
attempt to trace the changes in Iwamoto’s ideology regarding female education
and question the main reasons behind it thus elucidating the key factors that
may have been affecting the formation/development of female education in Meiji
Japan and laying the ground for the reconsideration of the extent the educators
and ideologists were being swayed by the dynamics of the times.
(conference paper available)
Professor
Scott North (Osaka U.)
Professor
Shuichi Takebayashi (Doshisha
U.)
Title:
"Going Into
Rhapsodies Over Asia: The Sixties Counterculture and Their Challenge to American
Bourgeoisie"
Abstract:
The young educated-class rebellion we call “the sixties,”
“the counterculture,” or “the hippie movement” was about many things, from
civil rights-related activities to anti-Vietnam War demonstrations, LSD psychedelia, rock music, communes, sexual liberation, black
power, and so forth. One distinctive feature that should not be underestimated
is their imaginative relation to Asia. This paper looks at how Asia was
incorporated into the counterculture practices and narratives in order to
illustrate the intricacies of the counterculture, which was played out with
different and sometimes contradicting ideas. Topics in my paper include zen/Buddhism, Hermann Hesse, the
Beatles, yoga, meditation, and the Chinese Cultural Revolution. Examining these
events, people, and practices, I will argue that hippies’ embracement of Asia
grew out of their own cultural conditions in post-WWII America.
Professor
Toshitaka Takeuchi (Osaka U.)